Motor Vehicle Manufacturing

эк., стат., амер. производство автомобилей (по NAICS 2002: отраслевая группа, в которую включены организации, занимающиеся производством легковых автомобилей, пикапов, минивэнов, грузовых автомобилей малой и большой грузоподъемности, или только их ходовых частей)

эк., стат., амер. производство автомобильных кузовов и прицепов (по NAICS 2002: отраслевая группа, в которую включены организации, занимающиеся производством кузовов и кабин для грузовых и легковых автомобилей, прицепов и полуприцепов, в также домов на колесах, жилых автоприцепов)

эк., стат., амер. производство автомобильных запчастей (по NAICS 2002: отраслевая группа, в которую включены организации, занимающиеся производством автомобильных бензиновых двигателей и различных запчастей (начиная от частей двигателя, тормозной системы и кончая осветительными приборами и автомобильными кондиционерами))

эк., стат., амер. производство автомобильных кондиционеров (по NAICS 2002: предприятия, занимающиеся производством автомобильных кондиционеров)

- vehicle-actuated gauge

- vehicle car

- vehicle clearance circle

- vehicle drag test

- vehicle exhaust fan

- air-transportable vehicle

- all-equipped vehicle

- all-purpose vehicle

- all-service vehicle

- all-service military vehicle

- all-wheel drive vehicle

- ammunition vehicle

- armoured vehicle

- army tactical vehicle

- articulated vehicle

- battery-driven vehicle

- blitz vehicle

- break-down vehicle

- cab-forward type vehicle

- cab-over-engine vehicle

- captured vehicle

- cargo vehicle

- carrier vehicle

- civil vehicle

- combat vehicle

- command vehicle

- commercial vehicle

- commercial motor vehicle

- compressed gas vehicle

- convertible vehicle

- crawler-type vehicle

- cross-country vehicle

- cruising vehicle

- Diesel-powered vehicle

- endless-track vehicle

- excursion vehicle

- forward control vehicle

- frameless vehicle

- freight vehicle

- full-track vehicle

- gas-electric vehicle

- gas-producer vehicle

- general-purpose vehicle

- go-anywhere vehicle

- goods vehicle

- goods-carrying vehicle

- ground vehicle

- hackney vehicle

- half-track vehicle

- half-tracked vehicle

- heavy vehicle

- heavy traction vehicle

- high-wheeled vehicle

- hired vehicle

- industrial vehicle

- juvenile motor vehicle

- landing vehicle

- lead vehicle

- light-duty vehicle

- long-distance vehicle

- mechanical vehicle

- mechanically propelled vehicle

- medical vehicle

- military wheeled vehicle

- motor vehicle

- motor passenger vehicle

- motor transport vehicle

- motor-vehicle proving ground

- motor-vehicle proving grounds

- motor-vehicle testing track

- motor-vehicle testing course

- non-runner vehicle

- off-road vehicle

- overhead-type vehicle

- oversize vehicle

- overweight vehicle

- parked vehicles

- passenger vehicle

- passenger service vehicle

- pedestrian-controlled vehicle

- private vehicle

- propane-powered vehicle

- public-service vehicle

- rail vehicle

- rear-loading vehicle

- recovery vehicle

- rescue vehicle

- sanding vehicle

- screening vehicle

- searchlight vehicle

- self-loading vehicle

- side-loading vehicle

- six-wheeled vehicle

- snow-fighting vehicle

- special-purpose vehicle

- sport utility vehicle

- stationary vehicle

- sterilizing vehicle

- street vehicle

- street cleaning vehicle

- tactical vehicle

- test vehicle

- tool vehicle

- towed vehicle

- tracked vehicle

- tracked cross-country vehicle

- track-laying vehicle

- track-type vehicle

- transport vehicle

- two-axle vehicle

- two-engined vehicle

- unauthorised vehicle

эк., стат., амер. производство транспортных средств (по NAICS 2002: подсектор экономики, в который включены организации, занимающиеся производством оборудования для транспортировки людей и товаров)

эк., стат., амер. кондиционеры и оборудование для нагрева и охлаждения воздуха* (по NAICS 2002: совокупность организаций, производящих охлаждающее оборудование для промышденного и коммерческого использования, кондицинеры для промышленного, коммерческого и личного использования, обогреватели; сюда не включено производство домашних холодильников; в SIC 1987 то же, но включено производство автомобильных кондиционеров)

1) компания, группа, общество, гости

- pleasant company

2) труппа, ансамбль артистов

- stock company

3) компания, фирма, товарищество, акционерное общество

- business company

•

a methodology aimed at reducing waste in the form of overproduction, excessive lead time, or product defects in order to make a business more effective and more competitive. Lean production originates in the production systems established by Toyota in Japan in the 1950s.

     In the early 1980s there was a significant increase in the application of lean production in Western companies. Lean production is characterized by lean operations with low inventories, quality management through prevention of errors, small batch runs, just-in-time production, high commitment human resource policies, team-based working, and close relations with suppliers. The term was popularized by researchers on the International Motor Vehicle Program of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in their book The Machine That Changed the World. Concepts that can help an organization move toward lean production include continuous improvement and world class manufacturing.

Also known as lean manufacturing

1) Общая лексика: основной игрок

2) Компьютерная техника: Mpeg Video Peripheral, Наиболее ценный специалист

3) Медицина: mitomycin, vindesine, and cisplatin (схема комбинированной терапии в онкогематологии)

4) Американизм: Most Valuable Person, Most Visible Person

5) Спорт: Most Valuable Player

6) Военный термин: Mission Values And Philosophy, maintenance verification plan, manpower validation program, master verification plan

7) Техника: Music And Video Player, Music Video Player, mechanical vacuum pump

8) Шутливое выражение: A Most Valuable Program, Most Valuable Pundit, Most Volatile Player

9) Метеорология: Maximum Vertical Pocket

10) Юридический термин: Most Victimized Persons

11) Бухгалтерия: Money Very Promptly

12) Ветеринария: Most Valuable Primate

13) Грубое выражение: Most Vacuous Proposition, Mr Very Pissed

14) Сокращение: Bell and Howell tabletop Mail Verifier Plus, Military VME Processor, Mobile Voice Pack, Motor Vehicle Plant, methyl-violet paper, mitral valve prolapse

15) Вычислительная техника: Most Value Product, Multimedia Video Processor, Multimedia for PS/ValuePoint, Most Valuable Professional (bonus program, MS)

16) Космонавтика: MOS-1 Verification Programme

17) Транспорт: Maximum Velocity Performance

18) Экология: Monitoring and Verification Plan

19) СМИ: Memphis Video Production, Most Vacant Personality, Most Versatile Performer, Multi Venue Programming, Music Video Pictures, Music Video Producer, Music Videos And Pictures

20) Деловая лексика: Marginal Value Product, Maximum Value And Performance, Men Of Vision And Power, Most Valuable People, Most Valued Professional

21) Образование: Mentor Violence Prevention

22) Медицинская техника: mitral valve plasty (ЭхоКГ), mitral valve prolapse (ЭхоКГ)

23) Фармация: Manufacturing validation procedure

24) НАСА: Mission Volume Performance

25) Программное обеспечение: Most Valuable Professional, Multi Vendor Platform, Multiprocessing Verification Platform, продукт с минимальным функционалом (Minimum Viable Product)

- overhead way machine

SUBJECT AREA: Automotive engineering, Land transport

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He was the son of an Irish immigrant farmer, William Ford, and the oldest son to survive of Mary Litogot; his mother died in 1876 with the birth of her sixth child. He went to the village school, and at the age of 16 he was apprenticed to Flower brothers' machine shop and then at the Drydock \& Engineering Works in Detroit. In 1882 he left to return to the family farm and spent some time working with a 1 1/2 hp steam engine doing odd jobs for the farming community at $3 per day. He was then employed as a demonstrator for Westinghouse steam engines. He met Clara Jane Bryant at New Year 1885 and they were married on 11 April 1888. Their only child, Edsel Bryant Ford, was born on 6 November 1893.

At that time Henry worked on steam engine repairs for the Edison Illuminating Company, where he became Chief Engineer. He became one of a group working to develop a "horseless carriage" in 1896 and in June completed his first vehicle, a "quadri cycle" with a two-cylinder engine. It was built in a brick shed, which had to be partially demolished to get the carriage out.

Ford became involved in motor racing, at which he was more successful than he was in starting a car-manufacturing company. Several early ventures failed, until the Ford Motor Company of 1903. By October 1908 they had started with production of the Model T. The first, of which over 15 million were built up to the end of its production in May 1927, came out with bought-out steel stampings and a planetary gearbox, and had a one-piece four-cylinder block with a bolt-on head. This was one of the most successful models built by Ford or any other motor manufacturer in the life of the motor car.

Interchangeability of components was an important element in Ford's philosophy. Ford was a pioneer in the use of vanadium steel for engine components. He adopted the principles of Frederick Taylor, the pioneer of time-and-motion study, and installed the world's first moving assembly line for the production of magnetos, started in 1913. He installed blast furnaces at the factory to make his own steel, and he also promoted research and the cultivation of the soya bean, from which a plastic was derived.

In October 1913 he introduced the "Five Dollar Day", almost doubling the normal rate of pay. This was a profit-sharing scheme for his employees and contained an element of a reward for good behaviour. About this time he initiated work on an agricultural tractor, the "Fordson" made by a separate company, the directors of which were Henry and his son Edsel.

In 1915 he chartered the Oscar II, a "peace ship", and with fifty-five delegates sailed for Europe a week before Christmas, docking at Oslo. Their objective was to appeal to all European Heads of State to stop the war. He had hoped to persuade manufacturers to replace armaments with tractors in their production programmes. In the event, Ford took to his bed in the hotel with a chill, stayed there for five days and then sailed for New York and home. He did, however, continue to finance the peace activists who remained in Europe. Back in America, he stood for election to the US Senate but was defeated. He was probably the father of John Dahlinger, illegitimate son of Evangeline Dahlinger, a stenographer employed by the firm and on whom he lavished gifts of cars, clothes and properties. He became the owner of a weekly newspaper, the Dearborn Independent, which became the medium for the expression of many of his more unorthodox ideas. He was involved in a lawsuit with the Chicago Tribune in 1919, during which he was cross-examined on his knowledge of American history: he is reputed to have said "History is bunk". What he actually said was, "History is bunk as it is taught in schools", a very different comment. The lawyers who thus made a fool of him would have been surprised if they could have foreseen the force and energy that their actions were to release. For years Ford employed a team of specialists to scour America and Europe for furniture, artefacts and relics of all kinds, illustrating various aspects of history. Starting with the Wayside Inn from South Sudbury, Massachusetts, buildings were bought, dismantled and moved, to be reconstructed in Greenfield Village, near Dearborn. The courthouse where Abraham Lincoln had practised law and the Ohio bicycle shop where the Wright brothers built their first primitive aeroplane were added to the farmhouse where the proprietor, Henry Ford, had been born. Replicas were made of Independence Hall, Congress Hall and the old City Hall in Philadelphia, and even a reconstruction of Edison's Menlo Park laboratory was installed. The Henry Ford museum was officially opened on 21 October 1929, on the fiftieth anniversary of Edison's invention of the incandescent bulb, but it continued to be a primary preoccupation of the great American car maker until his death.

Henry Ford was also responsible for a number of aeronautical developments at the Ford Airport at Dearborn. He introduced the first use of radio to guide a commercial aircraft, the first regular airmail service in the United States. He also manufactured the country's first all-metal multi-engined plane, the Ford Tri-Motor.

Edsel became President of the Ford Motor Company on his father's resignation from that position on 30 December 1918. Following the end of production in May 1927 of the Model T, the replacement Model A was not in production for another six months. During this period Henry Ford, though officially retired from the presidency of the company, repeatedly interfered and countermanded the orders of his son, ostensibly the man in charge. Edsel, who died of stomach cancer at his home at Grosse Point, Detroit, on 26 May 1943, was the father of Henry Ford II. Henry Ford died at his home, "Fair Lane", four years after his son's death.

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1) Компьютерная техника: Advance Module Format

2) Спорт: About Motorcycles Forum

3) Военный термин: ACE, Mobile Force, Navy, Action Message Format, Adios My Friends, Army Management Fund, Atlantic Multilateral Forces, Australian Marine force, Australian Military Forces, air materiel force, area maintenance facility, Allied Command Europe Mobile Force (NATO)

4) Техника: acoustic match filter, analog matched filter, auto multi feeder, avalanche multiplication factor

5) Сельское хозяйство: Acid Modified Flour

6) Юридический термин: Управление по финансовым рынкам (франц. яз.: Autorité des marchés financiers)

7) Грубое выражение: Adios Mother F, Adios Mother Fuckers, Ass Mother Fuckers

8) Сокращение: ACE Mobile Force (NATO), Abteilung fur Militarflugplatze, Aircraft Manufacturing Factory, Airmail Field (uncommon), Airport Mail Facility, Amfibisk (Amphibious (Sweden)), Amphibische Mehrzweek-Fahzeuge (Multi-purpose amphibious vehicle (Germany)), Automated Module Fabrication, Adios Mother F---er, Adios My Friend

9) Вычислительная техника: auto multifeeder, Action Message Format (Macromedia, Flash)

10) Космонавтика: Apogee Motor Firing

11) Банковское дело: Арабский валютный фонд (институт Лиги арабских стран; Arab Monetary Fund)

12) Пищевая промышленность: Anhydrous Milk Fat

13) Фирменный знак: American Machinery And Foundry, American Manufacturing Federation

14) Инвестиции: Arab Monetary Fund

15) Расширение файла: Advanced Module Format Music, Music format (DMP)

16) МИД: ACE Mobile Force

17) Общественная организация: Astronauts Memorial Foundation

18) Чат: About Motorcycles Forums

19) NYSE. ACM Managed Income Fund, Inc.

20) НАСА: Automatic Mains Failure

1) Компьютерная техника: Advance Module Format

2) Спорт: About Motorcycles Forum

3) Военный термин: ACE, Mobile Force, Navy, Action Message Format, Adios My Friends, Army Management Fund, Atlantic Multilateral Forces, Australian Marine force, Australian Military Forces, air materiel force, area maintenance facility, Allied Command Europe Mobile Force (NATO)

4) Техника: acoustic match filter, analog matched filter, auto multi feeder, avalanche multiplication factor

5) Сельское хозяйство: Acid Modified Flour

6) Юридический термин: Управление по финансовым рынкам (франц. яз.: Autorité des marchés financiers)

7) Грубое выражение: Adios Mother F, Adios Mother Fuckers, Ass Mother Fuckers

8) Сокращение: ACE Mobile Force (NATO), Abteilung fur Militarflugplatze, Aircraft Manufacturing Factory, Airmail Field (uncommon), Airport Mail Facility, Amfibisk (Amphibious (Sweden)), Amphibische Mehrzweek-Fahzeuge (Multi-purpose amphibious vehicle (Germany)), Automated Module Fabrication, Adios Mother F---er, Adios My Friend

9) Вычислительная техника: auto multifeeder, Action Message Format (Macromedia, Flash)

10) Космонавтика: Apogee Motor Firing

11) Банковское дело: Арабский валютный фонд (институт Лиги арабских стран; Arab Monetary Fund)

12) Пищевая промышленность: Anhydrous Milk Fat

13) Фирменный знак: American Machinery And Foundry, American Manufacturing Federation

14) Инвестиции: Arab Monetary Fund

15) Расширение файла: Advanced Module Format Music, Music format (DMP)

16) МИД: ACE Mobile Force

17) Общественная организация: Astronauts Memorial Foundation

18) Чат: About Motorcycles Forums

19) NYSE. ACM Managed Income Fund, Inc.

20) НАСА: Automatic Mains Failure

- accessory building equipment

* * *

оборудование

— air-breathing stage

— ascent stage

— axial compressor stage

— balloon stage

— booster stage

— buffer stage

— burnout stage

— centrifugal compressor stage

— compression stage

— compressor stage

— contract definition stage

— cryogenic stage

— deboost stage

— descent stage

— design stage

— development stage

— downward stage

— dummy stage

— earlier stage

— ejection stage

— expansion stage

— expendable stage

— expended stage

— fan stage

— final stage

— flare-stabilized stage

— flight-test stage

— flying stage

— full-thrust stage

— ground-test stage

— hardware stage

— high-energy stage

— high-impulse stage

— high-pressure stage

— ignition stage

— inert stage

— injection stage

— inline stages

— instrumented stage

— kick stage

— lander stage

— landing stage

— last stage

— launching stage

— launch-vehicle stage

— lifting reusable stage

— liquid-fuel stage

— liquid-propellant stage

— liquid-propelled stage

— live stage

— lower stage

— low-pressure stage

— lunar landing stage

— main stage

— maneuverable stage

— maneuvering stage

— manned stage

— manufacturing stage

— mated stages

— missile stage

— mock-up stage

— moon stay stage

— moving-blade stage

— nuclear-powered stage

— nuclear-rocket stage

— piloted stage

— planning stage

— power-amplifier stage

— powered stage

— preliminary amplifying stage

— preliminary burning stage

— preliminary design stage

— preliminary stage

— pressure stage

— primary stage

— proposal stage

— propulsion stage

— prototype stage

— pulsejet charging stage

— pulsejet combustion stage

— pulsejet explosion stage

— ramjet stage

— recoverable stage

— reduced-thrust stage

— reefed stage

— rendezvous stage

— retro stage

— return stage

— reusable stage

— rocket stage

— scavenge stage

— scavenging stage

— sequential stages

— short-burning stage

— solid-motor stage

— solid-propellant stage

— spacecraft stage

— spent stage

— stage of reheat

— stationary-blade stage

— stator stage

— subsonic stage

— supersonic stage

— sustalner stage

— takeoff flight stage

— terminal stage

— throttleable stage

— thrust stage

— top stage

— transition stage

— turbine stage

— unmanned stage

— uppermost stage

— variable-swept wing stage

— water-filled stage

— zero stage

SUBJECT AREA: Land transport, Railways and locomotives, Weapons and armour

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The Brennan family, including Louis, emigrated to Australia in 1861. He was an inventive genius from childhood, and while at Melbourne invented his torpedo. Within it were two drums, each with several miles of steel wire coiled upon it and mounted on one of two concentric propeller shafts. The propellers revolved in opposite directions. Wires were led out of the torpedo to winding drums on land, driven by high-speed steam engines: the faster the drums on shore were driven, the quicker the wires were withdrawn from the drums within the torpedo and the quicker the propellers turned. A steering device was operated by altering the speeds of the wires relative to one another. As finally developed, Brennan torpedoes were accurate over a range of 1 1/2 miles (2.4 km), in contrast to contemporary self-propelled torpedoes, which were unreliable at ranges over 400 yards (366 in).

Brennan moved to England in 1880 and sold the rights to his torpedo to the British Government for a total of £110,000, probably the highest payment ever made by it to an individual inventor. Brennan torpedoes became part of the defences of many vital naval ports, but never saw active service: improvement of other means of defence meant they were withdrawn in 1906. By then Brennan was deeply involved in the development of his monorail. The need for a simple and cheap form of railway had been apparent to him when in Australia and he considered it could be met by a ground-level monorail upon which vehicles would be balanced by gyroscopes. After overcoming many manufacturing difficulties, he demonstrated first a one-eighth scale version and then a full-size, electrically driven vehicle, which ran on its single rail throughout the summer of 1910 in London, carrying up to fifty passengers at a time. Development had been supported financially by, successively, the War Office, the India Office and the Government of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir, which had no rail access; despite all this, however, no further financial support, government or commercial, was forthcoming.

Brennan made many other inventions, worked on the early development of helicopters and in 1929 built a gyroscopically balanced, two-wheeled motor car which, however, never went into production.

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See also: Behr, Fritz Bernhard; Lartigue, Charles François Marie-Thérèse; Palmer, Henry Robinson( monorails); Whitehead, Robert( torpedoes).